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Trail: Java Naming and Directory Interface(TM).
Lesson: Overview of JNDI
Overview of JNDI
Naming Package
Directory and LDAP Packages
Event and Service Provider Packages
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Naming Package

> The `javax.naming` package contains classes and interfaces for accessing naming services.

> #### Context

> The `javax.naming` package defines a `Context` interface, which is the core interface for looking up, binding/unbinding, renaming objects and creating and destroying subcontexts.

> Lookup
>   The most commonly used operation is `lookup()`. You supply `lookup()` the name of the object you want to look up, and it returns the object bound to that name.
> Bindings
>   `listBindings()` returns an enumeration of name-to-object bindings. A binding is a tuple containing the name of the bound object, the name of the object's class, and the object itself.
> List
>   `list()`is similar to `listBindings()`, except that it returns an enumeration of names containing an object's name and the name of the object's class. `list()` is useful for applications such as browsers that want to discover information about the objects bound within a context but that don't need all of the actual objects. Although `listBindings()` provides all of the same information, it is potentially a much more expensive operation.
> Name
>   `Name` is an interface that represents a generic name--an ordered sequence of zero or more components. The Naming Systems use this interface to define the names that follow its conventions as described in the Naming and Directory Concepts lesson.
> References
>   Objects are stored in naming and directory services in different ways. A reference might be a very compact representation of an object.

>   The JNDI defines the `Reference` class to represent reference. A reference contains information on how to construct a copy of the object. The JNDI will attempt to turn references looked up from the directory into the Java objects that they represent so that JNDI clients have the illusion that what is stored in the directory are Java objects.

> #### The Initial Context

> In the JNDI, all naming and directory operations are performed relative to a context. There are no absolute roots. Therefore the JNDI defines an `InitialContext`, which provides a starting point for naming and directory operations. Once you have an initial context, you can use it to look up other contexts and objects.

> #### Exceptions

> The JNDI defines a class hierarchy for exceptions that can be thrown in the course of performing naming and directory operations. The root of this class hierarchy is `NamingException`. Programs interested in dealing with a particular exception can catch the corresponding subclass of the exception. Otherwise, they should catch `NamingException`.

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