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Trail: 2D Graphics
Lesson: Advanced Topics in Java2D
Advanced Topics in Java2D
Transforming Shapes, Text, and Images
Clipping the Drawing Region
Compositing Graphics
Controlling Rendering Quality
Constructing Complex Shapes from Geometry Primitives
Supporting User Interaction
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Constructing Complex Shapes from Geometry Primitives

> Constructive area geometry (CAG) is the process of creating new geometric shapes by performing boolean operations on existing ones. In the Java 2D™ API the `Area` class implements the `Shape` interface and supports the following boolean operations.

> | Union |  | Subtraction
> | Intersection |  | Exclusive-or (`XOR`)

### Example: Areas

> In this example `Area` objects construct a pear shape from several ellipses.

> > Note: If you don't see the applet running above, you need to install Java Plug-in, which happens automatically when you install the Java(TM) SE JRE or JDK. This applet requires JDK 6 or later. You can find more information on the Java Plug-in home page.

> `Pear.java` contains the complete code for this applet.

> The leaves are each created by performing an intersection on two overlapping circles.

> >     leaf = new Ellipse2D.Double();
> >     ...
> >     leaf1 = new Area(leaf);
> >     leaf2 = new Area(leaf);
> >     ...
> >     leaf.setFrame(ew-16, eh-29, 15.0, 15.0);
> >     leaf1 = new Area(leaf);
> >     leaf.setFrame(ew-14, eh-47, 30.0, 30.0);
> >     leaf2 = new Area(leaf);
> >     leaf1.intersect(leaf2);
> >     g2.fill(leaf1);
> >     ...
> >     leaf.setFrame(ew+1, eh-29, 15.0, 15.0);
> >     leaf1 = new Area(leaf);
> >     leaf2.intersect(leaf1);
> >     g2.fill(leaf2);

> Overlapping circles are also used to construct the stem through a subtraction operation.

> >     stem = new Ellipse2D.Double();
> >     ...
> >     stem.setFrame(ew, eh-42, 40.0, 40.0);
> >     st1 = new Area(stem);
> >     stem.setFrame(ew+3, eh-47, 50.0, 50.0);
> >     st2 = new Area(stem);
> >     st1.subtract(st2);
> >     g2.fill(st1);

> The body of the pear is constructed by performing a union operation on a circle and an oval.

> >     circle = new Ellipse2D.Double();
> >     oval = new Ellipse2D.Double();
> >     circ = new Area(circle);
> >     ov = new Area(oval);
> >     ...
> >     circle.setFrame(ew-25, eh, 50.0, 50.0);
> >     oval.setFrame(ew-19, eh-20, 40.0, 70.0);
> >     circ = new Area(circle);
> >     ov = new Area(oval);
> >     circ.add(ov);
> >     g2.fill(circ);

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