R: Replicate Elements of Vectors and Lists

rep {base} | R Documentation

## Replicate Elements of Vectors and Lists

### Description

`rep` replicates the values in `x` according to the values given in `times` and `length.out`.

### Usage

    rep(x, times, length.out)

### Arguments

`x` | a vector (of any mode including a list) or a pairlist.
`times` | integer. A vector giving the number of times to repeat each element. Either of length 1 or `length(x)`.
`length.out` | integer. (Optional.) The desired length of the output vector.

### Details

If `times` consists of a single integer, the result consists of the values in `x` repeated this many times. If `times` is a vector of the same length as `x`, the result consists of `x[1]` repeated `times[1]` times, `x[2]` repeated `times[2]` times and so on.

`length.out` may be given in place of `times`, in which case `x` is repeated as many times as is necessary to create a vector of this length. If both `length.out` and `times` are specified, `times` determines the replication, and `length.out` can be used to truncate the output vector (or extend it by `NA`s).

Non-integer values of `times` will be truncated towards zero. If `times` is a computed quantity it is prudent to add a small fuzz.

### Note

If the original vector has names, these are also replicated and so will almost always contain duplicates.

### See Also

`seq`, `sequence`.

### Examples

    rep(1:4, 2)
    rep(1:4, c(2,2,2,2))     # same as above, length 8.
    rep(1:4, c(2,1,2,1))
    rep(1:4, c(2,2,2,2), 4)  # first 4 only.
    rep(1:4, c(2,2,2,2), 10) # 8 intgers plus two NAs

    rep(1, 40*(1-.8)) # length 7 on most platforms
    rep(1, 40*(1-.8)+1e-7) # better

    ## replicate a list
    fred <- list(happy = 1:10, name = "squash")
    rep(fred, 5)

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