Arithmetic               package:base               R Documentation

Arithmetic Operators

Description:

     These binary operators perform arithmetic on vector objects.

Usage:

     x + y
     x - y
     x * y
     x / y
     x ^ y
     x %% y
     x %/% y

Details:

     `1 ^ y' and `y ^ 0' are `1', always. `x ^ y' should also give the
     proper ``limit'' result when either argument is infinite (i.e.,
     `+- Inf').

     Objects such as arrays or time-series can be operated on this way
     provided they are conformable.

Value:

     They return numeric vectors containing the result of the element
     by element operations.  The elements of shorter vectors are
     recycled as necessary (with a `warning' when they are recycled
     only fractionally).  The operators are `+' for addition, `-' for
     subtraction `*' for multiplication, `/' for division and `^' for
     exponentiation.

     `%%' indicates `x mod y' and `%/%' indicates integer division.  It
     is guaranteed that `x  ==  (x %% y)  +  y * ( x %/% y )' unless `y
     == 0' where the result is `NA' or `NaN' (depending on the `typeof'
     of the arguments).

See Also:

     `sqrt' for miscellaneous and `Special' for special mathematical
     functions.

Examples:

     x <- -1:12
     x + 1
     2 * x + 3
     x %% 2 #-- is periodic
     x %/% 5

