           curl - transfer a URL

## SYNOPSIS

           curl [options] [URL...]

## DESCRIPTION

           curl is a client to get documents/files from or send docu-
           ments to a server, using any of  the  supported  protocols
           (HTTP,  HTTPS,  FTP,  GOPHER, DICT, TELNET, LDAP or FILE).
           The command is designed to work without  user  interaction
           or any kind of interactivity.

           curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support,
           user authentication, ftp upload, HTTP post,  SSL  (https:)
           connections, cookies, file transfer resume and more.

## URL

           The  URL  syntax  is  protocol  dependent.  You'll  find a
           detailed description in RFC 2396.

           You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs by  writing
           part sets within braces as in:

            http://site.{one,two,three}.com

           or  you  can get sequences of alphanumeric series by using
           [] as in:

            ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[1-100].txt
            ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[001-100].txt    (with lead-
           ing zeros)
            ftp://ftp.letters.com/file[a-z].txt

           It  is  possible  to  specify up to 9 sets or series for a
           URL, but no nesting is supported at the moment:

            http://www.any.org/archive[1996-1999]/vol-
           ume[1-4]part{a,b,c,index}.html

           You  can  specify  any amount of URLs on the command line.
           They will be fetched in a sequential manner in the  speci-
           fied order.

           Curl  will attempt to re-use connections for multiple file
           transfers, so that getting many files from the same server
           will  not do multiple connects / handshakes. This improves
           speed. Of course this is only done on files specified on a
           single  command  line  and cannot be used between separate
           curl invokes.

## OPTIONS

           -a/--append
                  writing it. If the file doesn't exist, it  will  be
                  created.

                  If  this  option is used twice, the second one will
                  disable append mode again.

           -A/--user-agent <agent string>
                  (HTTP) Specify the User-Agent string to send to the
                  HTTP  server.  Some badly done CGIs fail if its not
                  set to "Mozilla/4.0".   To  encode  blanks  in  the
                  string,  surround  the  string  with  single  quote
                  marks.  This can also be set with  the  -H/--header
                  flag of course.

                  If  this option is set more than once, the last one
                  will be the one that's used.

           -b/--cookie <name=data>
                  (HTTP) Pass the  data  to  the  HTTP  server  as  a
                  cookie.   It  is  supposedly  the  data  previously
                  received from the server in a  "Set-Cookie:"  line.
                  The  data  should  be  in the format "NAME1=VALUE1;
                  NAME2=VALUE2".

                  If no '=' letter is used in the line, it is treated
                  as  a  filename  to  use  to read previously stored
                  cookie lines from, which should  be  used  in  this
                  session if they match. Using this method also acti-
                  vates the "cookie  parser"  which  will  make  curl
                  record  incoming cookies too, which may be handy if
                  you're  using  this   in   combination   with   the
                  -L/--location  option.  The file format of the file
                  to read cookies from should be plain  HTTP  headers
                  or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format.

                  NOTE  that  the  file specified with -b/--cookie is
                  only used as input. No cookies will  be  stored  in
                  the  file.  To store cookies, save the HTTP headers
                  to a file using -D/--dump-header!

                  If this option is set more than once, the last  one
                  will be the one that's used.

           -B/--use-ascii
                  Use ASCII transfer when getting an FTP file or LDAP
                  info. For FTP, this can also be enforced  by  using
                  an URL that ends with ";type=A". This option causes
                  data sent to stdout to be in text  mode  for  win32
                  systems.

                  If  this  option is used twice, the second one will
                  disable ASCII usage.
                  (SSL) Specifies which ciphers to use in the connec-
                  tion.  The  list  of  ciphers  must  be using valid
                  ciphers. Read up on SSL cipher list details on this
                  URL:  http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html
                  (Option added in curl 7.9)

                  If this option is used several times, the last  one
                  will override the others.

           --connect-timeout <seconds>
                  Maximum  time in seconds that you allow the connec-
                  tion to the server to take.  This only  limits  the
                  connection  phase,  once  curl  has  connected this
                  option is of no more use. See also  the  --max-time
                  option.

                  If  this option is used several times, the last one
                  will be used.

           -c/--cookie-jar <file name>
                  Specify to which file you want curl  to  write  all
                  cookies  after  a  completed operation. Curl writes
                  all cookies previously read from a  specified  file
                  as   well  as  all  cookies  received  from  remote
                  server(s). If no cookies are known, no file will be
                  written.   The  file  will  be  written  using  the
                  Netscape cookie file format. If you  set  the  file
                  name  to  a  single  dash, "-", the cookies will be
                  written to stdout. (Option added in curl 7.9)

                  If this option is  used  several  times,  the  last
                  specfied file name will be used.

           -C/--continue-at <offset>
                  Continue/Resume  a  previous  file  transfer at the
                  given offset. The given offset is the exact  number
                  of  bytes  that  will  be  skipped counted from the
                  beginning of the source file before  it  is  trans-
                  fered  to  the  destination.  If used with uploads,
                  the ftp server command SIZE will  not  be  used  by
                  curl.

                  Use  "-C  -" to tell curl to automatically find out
                  where/how to resume the transfer. It then uses  the
                  given output/input files to figure that out.

                  If  this option is used several times, the last one
                  will be used.

           ---create-dirs
                  When used in conjunction with the -o  option,  curl
                  will create the necessary local directory hierarchy
                  (OS/390).

                  If this option is used twice, the second will again
                  disable crlf converting.

           -d/--data <data>
                  (HTTP) Sends the specified data in a  POST  request
                  to the HTTP server, in a way that can emulate as if
                  a user has filled in a HTML form  and  pressed  the
                  submit  button.  Note that the data is sent exactly
                  as specified with no  extra  processing  (with  all
                  newlines  cut  off).   The  data  is expected to be
                  "url-encoded". This will cause  curl  to  pass  the
                  data  to the server using the content-type applica-
                  tion/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to -F. If  more
                  than  one -d/--data option is used on the same com-
                  mand line, the data pieces specified will be merged
                  together  with  a  separating &-letter. Thus, using
                  '-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy'  would  generate  a
                  post        chunk       that       looks       like
                  'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.

                  If you start the data with the letter @,  the  rest
                  should  be  a file name to read the data from, or -
                  if you want curl to read the data from stdin.   The
                  contents  of  the file must already be url-encoded.
                  Multiple files can also be specified. Posting  data
                  from  a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with
                  "--data @foobar".

                  To post data purely binary, you should instead  use
                  the --data-binary option.

                  -d/--data is the same as --data-ascii.

                  If this option is used several times, the ones fol-
                  lowing the first will append data.

           --data-ascii <data>
                  (HTTP) This is an alias for the -d/--data option.

                  If this option is used several times, the ones fol-
                  lowing the first will append data.

           --data-binary <data>
                  (HTTP)  This  posts  data  in  a  similar manner as
                  --data-ascii does, although when using this  option
                  the  entire  context of the posted data is kept as-
                  is. If you want to post a binary file  without  the
                  strip-newlines  feature of the --data-ascii option,
                  this is for you.

           --disable-epsv
                  (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPSV com-
                  mand when doing passive FTP  downloads.  Curl  will
                  normally  always  first  attempt to use EPSV before
                  PASV, but with this option, it will not  try  using
                  EPSV.

                  If  this  option is used several times, each occur-
                  rence will toggle this on/off.

           -D/--dump-header <file>
                  Write the protocol headers to the specified file.

                  This option is handy to use when you want to  store
                  the  cookies  that  a  HTTP  site sends to you. The
                  cookies could then be read in a second curl  invoke
                  by using the -b/--cookie option!

                  When used on FTP, the ftp server response lines are
                  considered  being  "headers"  and  thus  are  saved
                  there.

                  If  this option is used several times, the last one
                  will be used.

           -e/--referer <URL>
                  (HTTP) Sends the "Referer Page" information to  the
                  HTTP   server.  This  can  also  be  set  with  the
                  -H/--header  flag  of  course.   When   used   with
                  -L/--location you can append ";auto" to the referer
                  URL to make curl automatically set the previous URL
                  when  it  follows  a  Location: header. The ";auto"
                  string can be used alone, even if you don't set  an
                  initial referer.

                  If  this option is used several times, the last one
                  will be used.

           --environment
                  (RISC OS ONLY) Sets a range  of  environment  vari-
                  ables,  using  the names the -w option supports, to
                  easier allow extraction of useful information after
                  having run curl.

                  If  this  option is used several times, each occur-
                  rence will toggle this on/off.

           --egd-file <file>
                  (HTTPS) Specify the path name to the Entropy  Gath-
                  ering Daemon socket. The socket is used to seed the
                  random engine for SSL  connections.  See  also  the
                  (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate
                  file when getting a file with HTTPS.  The  certifi-
                  cate  must be in PEM format.  If the optional pass-
                  word isn't specified, it will be queried for on the
                  terminal. Note that this certificate is the private
                  key and the private certificate concatenated!

                  If this option is used several times, the last  one
                  will be used.

           --cacert <CA certificate>
                  (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate
                  file to verify the peer. The file may contain  mul-
                  tiple  CA  certificates. The certificate(s) must be
                  in PEM format.

                  If this option is used several times, the last  one
                  will be used.

           --capath <CA certificate directory>
                  (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate
                  directory to verify the peer. The certificates must
                  be  in PEM format, and the directory must have been
                  processed using the c_rehash utility supplied  with
                  openssl.  Certificate directories are not supported
                  under  Windows  (because  c_rehash  uses  symbolink
                  links  to  create  them).  Using --capath can allow
                  curl to make  https  connections  much  more  effi-
                  ciently  than  using  --cacert if the --cacert file
                  contains many CA certificates.

                  If this option is used several times, the last  one
                  will be used.

           -f/--fail
                  (HTTP)  Fail  silently (no output at all) on server
                  errors. This is mostly done  like  this  to  better
                  enable  scripts  etc  to  better  deal  with failed
                  attempts. In normal cases when a HTTP server  fails
                  to  deliver  a document, it returns a HTML document
                  stating so (which  often  also  describes  why  and
                  more).  This flag will prevent curl from outputting
                  that and fail silently instead.

                  If this option is used twice, the second will again
                  disable silent failure.

           -F/--form <name=content>
                  (HTTP)  This  lets curl emulate a filled in form in
                  which a user has pressed the  submit  button.  This
                  causes  curl  to  POST  data using the content-type
                  multipart/form-data  according  to  RFC1867.   This
                  name  with  an @ sign. To just get the content part
                  from a file, prefix the file name with  the  letter
                  <.  The  difference  between @ and < is then that @
                  makes a file get attached in the  post  as  a  file
                  upload, while the < makes a text field and just get
                  the contents for that text field from a file.

                  Example, to send your password file to the  server,
                  where  'password'  is the name of the form-field to
                  which /etc/passwd will be the input:

                  curl -F password=@/etc/passwd www.mypasswords.com

                  To read the file's content from stdin insted  of  a
                  file,  use  -  where  the file name should've been.
                  This goes for both @ and < constructs.

                  This option can be used multiple times.

           -g/--globoff
                  This option switches off the "URL globbing parser".
                  When you set this option, you can specify URLs that
                  contain the letters {}[] without having them  being
                  interpreted by curl itself. Note that these letters
                  are not normal legal URL contents but  they  should
                  be encoded according to the URI standard.

           -G/--get
                  When used, this option will make all data specified
                  with -d/--data or --data-binary to  be  used  in  a
                  HTTP  GET  request instead of the POST request that
                  otherwise would be used. The data will be  appended
                  to  the URL with a '?'  separator. (Option added in
                  curl 7.9)

                  If used in combination with -I, the POST data  will
                  instead be appended to the URL with a HEAD request.

                  If used multiple times, nothing special happens.

           -h/--help
                  Usage help.

           -H/--header <header>
                  (HTTP) Extra header to use when getting a web page.
                  You  may  specify any number of extra headers. Note
                  that if you should add a custom header that has the
                  same  name  as  one of the internal ones curl would
                  use,  your  externally  set  header  will  be  used
                  instead  of  the  internal  one. This allows you to
                  make even trickier stuff than curl  would  normally
                  do.  You  should not replace internally set headers
                  tent on the right side of the  colon  will  prevent
                  that header from appearing.

                  This   option   can   be  used  multiple  times  to
                  add/replace/remove multiple headers.

           -i/--include
                  (HTTP) Include the HTTP-header in the  output.  The
                  HTTP-header  includes things like server-name, date
                  of the document, HTTP-version and more...

                  If this option is used twice, the second will again
                  disable header include.

           --interface <name>
                  Perform  an  operation using a specified interface.
                  You can enter interface name, IP  address  or  host
                  name. An example could look like:

                  curl --interface eth0:1 http://www.netscape.com/

                  If  this option is used several times, the last one
                  will be used.

           -I/--head
                  (HTTP/FTP) Fetch the HTTP-header only! HTTP-servers
                  feature  the  command  HEAD  which this uses to get
                  nothing but the header of a document. When used  on
                  a FTP file, curl displays the file size only.

                  If this option is used twice, the second will again
                  disable header only.

           -j/--junk-session-cookies
                  (HTTP) When curl is told to  read  cookies  from  a
                  given  file,  this  option will make it discard all
                  "session cookies". This will basicly have the  same
                  effect  as  if  a  new  session is started. Typical
                  browsers  always  discard  session   cookies   when
                  they're closed down. (Added in 7.9.7)

                  If  this  option is used several times, each occur-
                  rence will toggle this on/off.

           -k/--insecure
                  (SSL) This option explicitly allows curl to perform
                  "insecure"  SSL connections and transfers. Starting
                  with  curl  7.10,  all  SSL  connections  will   be
                  attempted  to  be  made secure by using the CA cer-
                  tificate bundle installed by  default.  This  makes
                  all   connections  considered  "insecure"  to  fail
                  unless -k/--insecure is used.
                  used!

                  If  this option is used twice, the second time will
                  again disable it.

           --krb4 <level>
                  (FTP) Enable kerberos4 authentication and use.  The
                  level must be entered and should be one of 'clear',
                  'safe', 'confidential' or 'private'. Should you use
                  a  level  that  is not one of these, 'private' will
                  instead be used.

                  If this option is used several times, the last  one
                  will be used.

           -K/--config <config file>
                  Specify  which  config  file to read curl arguments
                  from. The config file is a text file in which  com-
                  mand  line arguments can be written which then will
                  be used as if they were written on the actual  com-
                  mand  line.  Options  and  their parameters must be
                  specified on the same  config  file  line.  If  the
                  parameter is to contain white spaces, the parameter
                  must be inclosed within quotes.  If the first  col-
                  umn  of  a config line is a '#' character, the rest
                  of the line will be treated as a comment.

                  Specify the filename as '-' to make curl  read  the
                  file from stdin.

                  Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config
                  file, you  need  to  specify  it  using  the  --url
                  option,  and  not  by simply writing the URL on its
                  own line. So, it could look similar to this:

                  url = "http://curl.haxx.se/docs/"

                  This option can be used multiple times.

           --limit-rate <speed>
                  Specify the maximum transfer rate you want curl  to
                  use.  This  feature is useful if you have a limited
                  pipe and you'd prefer you have  your  transfer  not
                  use your entire bandwidth.

                  The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless
                  a suffix is appended. Appending  'k'  or  'K'  will
                  count  the  number as kilobytes, 'm' or M' makes it
                  megabytes while 'g'  or  'G'  makes  it  gigabytes.
                  Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G.

                  This option was introduced in curl 7.10.
                  will be used.

           -l/--list-only
                  (FTP) When listing an FTP  directory,  this  switch
                  forces  a name-only view.  Especially useful if you
                  want to machine-parse the contents of an FTP direc-
                  tory  since the normal directory view doesn't use a
                  standard look or format.

                  This option causes an FTP NLST command to be  sent.
                  Some  FTP servers list only files in their response
                  to NLST; they do  not  include  subdirectories  and
                  symbolic links.

                  If this option is used twice, the second will again
                  disable list only.

           -L/--location
                  (HTTP/HTTPS)  If  the  server  reports   that   the
                  requested  page has a different location (indicated
                  with the header line Location:) this flag will  let
                  curl attempt to reattempt the get on the new place.
                  If used together with -i or -I,  headers  from  all
                  requested pages will be shown. If this flag is used
                  when making a HTTP POST,  curl  will  automatically
                  switch to GET after the initial POST has been done.

                  If this option is used twice, the second will again
                  disable location following.

           -m/--max-time <seconds>
                  Maximum  time  in  seconds that you allow the whole
                  operation to take.  This is useful  for  preventing
                  your  batch jobs from hanging for hours due to slow
                  networks or links going down.   This  doesn't  work
                  fully  in  win32  systems.  See also the --connect-
                  timeout option.

                  If this option is used several times, the last  one
                  will be used.

           -M/--manual
                  Manual. Display the huge help text.

           -n/--netrc
                  Makes  curl scan the .netrc file in the user's home
                  directory for login name and password. This is typ-
                  ically  used  for  ftp  on unix. If used with http,
                  curl will enable user authentication. See  netrc(4)
                  or ftp(1) for details on the file format. Curl will
                  not complain if that file hasn't the right  permis-
                  sions  (it should not be world nor group readable).

                  A  quick  and very simple example of how to setup a
                  .netrc  to  allow  curl  to  ftp  to  the   machine
                  host.domain.com  with  user name 'myself' and pass-
                  word 'secret' should look similar to:

                  machine  host.domain.com  login   myself   password
                  secret

                  If this option is used twice, the second will again
                  disable netrc usage.

           -N/--no-buffer
                  Disables the buffering of  the  output  stream.  In
                  normal  work  situations,  curl will use a standard
                  buffered output stream that will  have  the  effect
                  that  it will output the data in chunks, not neces-
                  sarily exactly when the data arrives.   Using  this
                  option will disable that buffering.

                  If this option is used twice, the second will again
                  switch on buffering.

           -o/--output <file>
                  Write output to <file> instead of  stdout.  If  you
                  are using {} or [] to fetch multiple documents, you
                  can use '#' followed by  a  number  in  the  <file>
                  specifier.  That variable will be replaced with the
                  current string for the URL being fetched. Like in:

                    curl http://{one,two}.site.com -o "file_#1.txt"

                  or use several variables like:

                    curl http://{site,host}.host[1-5].com -o "#1_#2"

                  You may use this option as many times as  you  have
                  number of URLs.

                  See  also  the  --create-dirs  option to create the
                  local directories dynamically.

           -O/--remote-name
                  Write output to a local file named like the  remote
                  file we get. (Only the file part of the remote file
                  is used, the path is cut off.)

                  You may use this option as many times as  you  have
                  number of URLs.

           -p/--proxytunnel
                  When  an HTTP proxy is used, this option will cause
                  operations. The tunnel approach is  made  with  the
                  HTTP  proxy  CONNECT  request and requires that the
                  proxy allows direct connect to the remote port num-
                  ber curl wants to tunnel through to.

                  If this option is used twice, the second will again
                  disable proxy tunnel.

           -P/--ftpport <address>
                  (FTP) Reverses the  initiator/listener  roles  when
                  connecting with ftp. This switch makes Curl use the
                  PORT command instead of  PASV.  In  practice,  PORT
                  tells  the server to connect to the client's speci-
                  fied address and port, while PASV asks  the  server
                  for an ip address and port to connect to. <address>
                  should be one of:

                  interface   i.e "eth0" to specify which interface's
                              IP address you want to use  (Unix only)

                  IP address  i.e "192.168.10.1" to specify exact  IP
                              number

                  host name   i.e "my.host.domain" to specify machine

                  -           (any single-letter string) to  make  it
                              pick the machine's default

           If this option is used several times, the last one will be
           used.

           -q     If used as the first parameter on the command line,
                  the $HOME/.curlrc file will not be read and used as
                  a config file.

           -Q/--quote <comand>
                  (FTP) Send an arbitrary command to the  remote  FTP
                  server,  by  using the QUOTE command of the server.
                  Not all servers support this command, and  the  set
                  of  QUOTE  commands are server specific! Quote com-
                  mands are sent BEFORE the transfer is taking place.
                  To  make  commands  take  place  after a successful
                  transfer, prefix them with  a  dash  '-'.  You  may
                  specify any amount of commands to be run before and
                  after the transfer. If the server  returns  failure
                  for  one of the commands, the entire operation will
                  be aborted.

                  This option can be used multiple times.

           --random-file <file>
                  (HTTPS) Specify the path name  to  file  containing
                  See also the --edg-file option.

           -r/--range <range>
                  (HTTP/FTP)  Retrieve  a  byte  range (i.e a partial
                  document) from a HTTP/1.1 or FTP server. Ranges can
                  be specified in a number of ways.

                  0-499     specifies the first 500 bytes

                  500-999   specifies the second 500 bytes

                  -500      specifies the last 500 bytes

                  9500      specifies  the bytes from offset 9500 and
                            forward

                  0-0,-1    specifies  the  first   and   last   byte
                            only(*)(H)

                  500-700,600-799
                            specifies 300 bytes from offset 500(H)

                  100-199,500-599
                            specifies    two   separate   100   bytes
                            ranges(*)(H)

           (*) = NOTE that this will cause the server to reply with a
           multipart response!

           You should also be aware that many HTTP/1.1 servers do not
           have this feature enabled, so that when you attempt to get
           a range, you'll instead get the whole document.

           FTP range downloads only support the simple syntax 'start-
           stop' (optionally with one of  the  numbers  omitted).  It
           depends on the non-RFC command SIZE.

           If this option is used several times, the last one will be
           used.

           -R/--remote-time
                  When used, this will make libcurl attempt to figure
                  out  the  timestamp of the remote file, and if that
                  is available make the  local  file  get  that  same
                  timestamp.

                  If  this option is used twice, the second time dis-
                  ables this again.

           -s/--silent
                  Silent mode. Don't show  progress  meter  or  error
                  messages.  Makes Curl mute.
                  disable mute.

           -S/--show-error
                  When used with -s it makes curl show error  message
                  if it fails.

                  If this option is used twice, the second will again
                  disable show error.

           --stderr <file>
                  Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file
                  instead.  If  the  file  name is a plain '-', it is
                  instead written to stdout. This option has no point
                  when  you're  using a shell with decent redirecting
                  capabilities.

                  If this option is used several times, the last  one
                  will be used.

           -t/--telnet-option <OPT=val>
                  Pass  options  to  the  telnet  protocol. Supported
                  options are:

                  TTYPE=<term> Sets the terminal type.

                  XDISPLOC=<X display> Sets the X display location.

                  NEW_ENV=<var,val> Sets an environment variable.

           -T/--upload-file <file>
                  This transfers the  specified  local  file  to  the
                  remote  URL. If there is no file part in the speci-
                  fied URL, Curl will append  the  local  file  name.
                  NOTE  that  you  must  use a trailing / on the last
                  directory to really prove to Curl that there is  no
                  file  name or curl will think that your last direc-
                  tory name is the remote file name to use. That will
                  most  likely cause the upload operation to fail. If
                  this is used on a http(s) server, the  PUT  command
                  will be used.

                  Use  the file name "-" (a single dash) to use stdin
                  instead of a given file.

                  If this option is used several times, the last  one
                  will be used.

           --trace <file>
                  Enables  a full trace dump of all incoming and out-
                  going data, including descriptive  information,  to
                  the  given output file. Use "-" as filename to have
                  the output sent to stdout.
                  will be used. (Added in curl 7.9.7)

           --trace-ascii <file>
                  Enables  a full trace dump of all incoming and out-
                  going data, including descriptive  information,  to
                  the  given output file. Use "-" as filename to have
                  the output sent to stdout.

                  This is very similar to --trace, but leaves out the
                  hex part and only shows the ASCII part of the dump.
                  It makes smaller output that  might  be  easier  to
                  read for untrained humans.

                  If  this option is used several times, the last one
                  will be used. (Added in curl 7.9.7)

           -u/--user <user:password>
                  Specify user and password to use when fetching. See
                  README.curl  for  detailed  examples  of how to use
                  this. If no password is specified,  curl  will  ask
                  for it interactively.

                  If  this option is used several times, the last one
                  will be used.

           -U/--proxy-user <user:password>
                  Specify user and password to use for Proxy  authen-
                  tication.  If  no  password is specified, curl will
                  ask for it interactively.

                  If this option is used several times, the last  one
                  will be used.

           --url <URL>
                  Specify a URL to fetch. This option is mostly handy
                  when you want to specify URL(s) in a config file.

                  This option may be used any  number  of  times.  To
                  control  where  this  URL is written, use the -o or
                  the -O options.

           -v/--verbose
                  Makes the fetching more  verbose/talkative.  Mostly
                  usable for debugging. Lines starting with '>' means
                  data sent by curl, '<' means data received by  curl
                  that  is  hidden in normal cases and lines starting
                  with '*' means additional info provided by curl.

                  Note that if you want to see HTTP  headers  in  the
                  output, -i/--include might be option you're looking
                  for.

           -V/--version
                  Displays  the  full  version  of  curl, libcurl and
                  other 3rd party  libraries  linked  with  the  exe-
                  cutable.

           -w/--write-out <format>
                  Defines  what to display after a completed and suc-
                  cessful operation. The format is a string that  may
                  contain  plain  text mixed with any number of vari-
                  ables. The string can be specified as "string",  to
                  get  read  from  a  particular  file you specify it
                  "@filename" and to tell curl  to  read  the  format
                  from stdin you write "@-".

                  The  variables present in the output format will be
                  substituted by the value or text that  curl  thinks
                  fit,  as  described below. All variables are speci-
                  fied like %{variable_name} and to output a normal %
                  you  just write them like %%. You can output a new-
                  line by using \n, a carriage return with \r  and  a
                  tab space with \t.

                  NOTE:  The  %-letter  is  a  special  letter in the
                  win32-environment, where all occurrences of %  must
                  be doubled when using this option.

                  Available variables are at this point:

                  url_effective  The  URL that was fetched last. This
                                 is mostly meaningful if you've  told
                                 curl to follow location: headers.

                  http_code      The numerical code that was found in
                                 the last retrieved HTTP(S) page.

                  time_total     The total time, in seconds, that the
                                 full operation lasted. The time will
                                 be displayed with millisecond  reso-
                                 lution.

                  time_namelookup
                                 The  time,  in seconds, it took from
                                 the start until the  name  resolving
                                 was completed.

                  time_connect   The  time,  in seconds, it took from
                                 the start until the connect  to  the
                                 remote  host  (or  proxy)  was  com-
                                 pleted.

                  time_pretransfer
                                 just about to begin.  This  includes
                                 all  pre-transfer commands and nego-
                                 tiations that are  specific  to  the
                                 particular protocol(s) involved.

                  time_starttransfer
                                 The  time,  in seconds, it took from
                                 the start until the  first  byte  is
                                 just  about  to  be transfered. This
                                 includes time_pretransfer  and  also
                                 the  time the server needs to calcu-
                                 late the result.

                  size_download  The total amount of bytes that  were
                                 downloaded.

                  size_upload    The  total amount of bytes that were
                                 uploaded.

                  size_header    The total amount  of  bytes  of  the
                                 downloaded headers.

                  size_request   The  total amount of bytes that were
                                 sent in the HTTP request.

                  speed_download The average download speed that curl
                                 measured  for the complete download.

                  speed_upload   The average upload speed  that  curl
                                 measured for the complete upload.

                  content_type   The  Content-Type  of  the requested
                                 document, if there was  any.  (Added
                                 in 7.9.5)

           If this option is used several times, the last one will be
           used.

           -x/--proxy <proxyhost[:port]>
                  Use specified HTTP proxy. If the port number is not
                  specified, it is assumed at port 1080.

                  This  option  overrides  existing environment vari-
                  ables that sets proxy to use. If there's  an  envi-
                  ronment variable setting a proxy, you can set proxy
                  to "" to override it.

                  Note that all operations that are performed over  a
                  HTTP proxy will transparantly be converted to HTTP.
                  It means that certain protocol specific  operations
                  might not be available. This is not the case if you
                  can tunnel through the  proxy,  as  done  with  the
                  will be used.

           -X/--request <command>
                  (HTTP) Specifies a custom request to use when  com-
                  municating  with  the  HTTP  server.  The specified
                  request will be used instead of the  standard  GET.
                  Read  the  HTTP  1.1  specification for details and
                  explanations.

                  (FTP) Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead
                  of LIST when doing file lists with ftp.

                  If  this option is used several times, the last one
                  will be used.

           -y/--speed-time <time>
                  If a download is slower than speed-limit bytes  per
                  second  during  a  speed-time  period, the download
                  gets aborted. If speed-time is  used,  the  default
                  speed-limit will be 1 unless set with -y.

                  This  option  controls  transfers and thus will not
                  affect slow connects etc. If this is a concern  for
                  you, try the --connect-timeout option.

                  If  this option is used several times, the last one
                  will be used.

           -Y/--speed-limit <speed>
                  If a download is slower than this given  speed,  in
                  bytes  per  second,  for speed-time seconds it gets
                  aborted. speed-time is set with -Y and is 30 if not
                  set.

                  If  this option is used several times, the last one
                  will be used.

           -z/--time-cond <date expression>
                  (HTTP) Request to get a file that has been modified
                  later than the given time and date, or one that has
                  been modified before that time. The date expression
                  can  be  all sorts of date strings or if it doesn't
                  match any internal ones, it tries to get  the  time
                  from a given file name instead! See the GNU date(1)
                  or curl_getdate(3) man pages  for  date  expression
                  details.

                  Start  the  date expression with a dash (-) to make
                  it request for a document that is  older  than  the
                  given  date/time,  default  is  a  document that is
                  newer than the specified date/time.

           -Z/--max-redirs <num>
                  Set   maximum   number   of  redirection-followings
                  allowed. If -L/--location is used, this option  can
                  be used to prevent curl from following redirections
                  "in absurdum".

                  If this option is used several times, the last  one
                  will be used.

           -3/--sslv3
                  (HTTPS) Forces curl to use SSL version 3 when nego-
                  tiating with a remote SSL server.

           -2/--sslv2
                  (HTTPS) Forces curl to use SSL version 2 when nego-
                  tiating with a remote SSL server.

           -0/--http1.0
                  (HTTP) Forces curl to issue its requests using HTTP
                  1.0 instead of using its internally preferred: HTTP
                  1.1.

           -#/--progress-bar
                  Make   curl   display  progress  information  as  a
                  progress bar instead of the default statistics.

                  If this option is used twice, the second will again
                  disable the progress bar.

## FILES

           ~/.curlrc
                  Default config file.

## ENVIRONMENT

           http_proxy [protocol://]<host>[:port]
                  Sets proxy server to use for HTTP.

           HTTPS_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]
                  Sets proxy server to use for HTTPS.

           FTP_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]
                  Sets proxy server to use for FTP.

           GOPHER_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]
                  Sets proxy server to use for GOPHER.

           ALL_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]
                  Sets  proxy  server  to use if no protocol-specific
                  proxy is set.

                  list of host names that shouldn't  go  through  any
                  proxy. If set to a asterisk

## EXIT CODES

           There  exists  a  bunch of different error codes and their
           corresponding error messages that may  appear  during  bad
           conditions.  At  the  time of this writing, the exit codes
           are:

           1      Unsupported protocol. This build  of  curl  has  no
                  support for this protocol.

           2      Failed to initialize.

           3      URL malformat. The syntax was not correct.

           4      URL  user  malformatted.  The  user-part of the URL
                  syntax was not correct.

           5      Couldn't resolve proxy. The given proxy host  could
                  not be resolved.

           6      Couldn't  resolve  host.  The given remote host was
                  not resolved.

           7      Failed to connect to host.

           8      FTP weird server reply. The server sent  data  curl
                  couldn't parse.

           9      FTP access denied. The server denied login.

           10     FTP  user/password  incorrect.  Either  one or both
                  were not accepted by the server.

           11     FTP weird PASS reply. Curl couldn't parse the reply
                  sent to the PASS request.

           12     FTP weird USER reply. Curl couldn't parse the reply
                  sent to the USER request.

           13     FTP weird PASV reply, Curl couldn't parse the reply
                  sent to the PASV request.

           14     FTP  weird  227  format.  Curl  couldn't  parse the
                  227-line the server sent.

           15     FTP can't get host. Couldn't resolve the host IP we
                  got in the 227-line.

           16     FTP  can't  reconnect. Couldn't connect to the host
                  we got in the 227-line.
                  method to binary.

           18     Partial  file.  Only  a part of the file was trans-
                  fered.

           19     FTP couldn't download/access the  given  file,  the
                  RETR (or similar) command failed.

           20     FTP  write  error. The transfer was reported bad by
                  the server.

           21     FTP quote error. A  quote  command  returned  error
                  from the server.

           22     HTTP  not  found. The requested page was not found.
                  This return code only appears if --fail is used.

           23     Write error. Curl couldn't write data  to  a  local
                  filesystem or similar.

           24     Malformat user. User name badly specified.

           25     FTP  couldn't STOR file. The server denied the STOR
                  operation.

           26     Read error. Various reading problems.

           27     Out of memory. A memory allocation request  failed.

           28     Operation  timeout.  The  specified time-out period
                  was reached according to the conditions.

           29     FTP couldn't set  ASCII.  The  server  returned  an
                  unknown reply.

           30     FTP PORT failed. The PORT command failed.

           31     FTP couldn't use REST. The REST command failed.

           32     FTP couldn't use SIZE. The SIZE command failed. The
                  command is an extension to the  original  FTP  spec
                  RFC 959.

           33     HTTP  range error. The range "command" didn't work.

           34     HTTP post error. Internal  post-request  generation
                  error.

           35     SSL connect error. The SSL handshaking failed.

           36     FTP  bad download resume. Couldn't continue an ear-
                  lier aborted download.
                  Permissions?

           38     LDAP cannot bind. LDAP bind operation failed.

           39     LDAP search failed.

           40     Library  not found. The LDAP library was not found.

           41     Function not found. A required  LDAP  function  was
                  not found.

           42     Aborted  by  callback.  An application told curl to
                  abort the operation.

           43     Internal error. A function was called  with  a  bad
                  parameter.

           44     Internal  error.  A  function  was  called in a bad
                  order.

           45     Interface error.  A  specified  outgoing  interface
                  could not be used.

           46     Bad  password  entered.  An error was signaled when
                  the password was entered.

           47     Too many redirects. When following redirects,  curl
                  hit the maximum amount.

           48     Unknown TELNET option specified.

           49     Malformed telnet option.

           51     The remote peer's SSL certificate wasn't ok

           52     The  server  didn't  reply  anything, which here is
                  considered an error.

           53     SSL crypto engine not found

           54     Cannot set SSL crypto engine as default

           55     Failed sending network data

           56     Failure in receiving network data

           57     Share is in use (internal error)

           58     Problem with the local certificate

           59     Couldn't use specified SSL cipher

           XX     There will appear more error codes here  in  future
                  releases.  The  existing  ones  are  meant to never
                  change.

## BUGS

           If you do find bugs, mail them to curl-bug@haxx.se.

## AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

           Daniel Stenberg is the main author, but the whole list  of
           contributors is found in the separate THANKS file.

## WWW

           http://curl.haxx.se

## FTP

           ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/www/utilities/curl/

## SEE ALSO

           ftp(1), wget(1), snarf(1)